The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) and the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) issued a joint memorandum in 2005 directing federal agencies to increase their use of environmental conflict resolution. In 2012, OMB and CEQ issued a follow up Joint Memorandum on Environmental Collaboration and Conflict Resolution. The memorandum builds on the 2005 Memorandum by directing agencies to increase the use of third-party assisted environmental collaboration as well as environmental conflict resolution to resolve conflicts that arise in the context of environmental, public lands, or natural resources issues. These memoranda also call upon federal agencies to document their third-party assisted environmental collaboration and conflict resolution planning and implementation efforts in an annual report submitted to OMB and CEQ.